Fumaric acid (E297)

Safety Summary

Regulatory Status

Sources

No citations are recorded specifically for the human adult context, so the record-wide source list is shown. It backs the record, not this particular band.

• Fumaric Acid CAS 110-17-8 Trans-Butenedioic Acid C4H4O4 pKa1 3.03 pKa2 4.38 E297 FDA GRAS 21 CFR 172.350; EFSA ADI Not Specified; TCA Cycle Fumarase Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex II; Urea Cycle Argininosuccinate Lyase Purine Biosynthesis; Fumaria Officinalis First Isolated 1832 Winckler Bolete Mushroom; Non-Hygroscopic Solid Low Water Solubility 7 g/L Powdered Drink Mixes Dry Systems Advantage; Maleic Anhydride Isomerization Commercial Production Rhizopus Fungal; Dimethyl Fumarate DMF Tecfidera FDA 2013 RRMS Skilarence EU 2017 Psoriasis; Nrf2 Antioxidant Response Element HCAR2 GPR109A Agonist Mechanism; Fumarate Hydratase FH Gene Tumor Suppressor HLRCC Reed Syndrome Germline Mutation; Flushing GI Side Effects DMF Clinical REGULATORY · 2014
• identity database ECHA CHEM, Download all substances: REACH registrations (ECHA's own list of REACH-registered substances) REGULATORY · 2026
• where to look PubChem: Toxicity section (CID 444972) PUBCHEM
• Computational Toxicology and Exposure APIs: Data Domains (EPA CCTE) REGULATORY
• CompTox Chemicals Dashboard: Release Notes (EPA) REGULATORY
• PubChem computed properties for CID 444972 (computed, not measured; as recorded by PubChem) DATABASE · 2026
• OEHHA Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens or Reproductive Toxicants (CSV, list date 31-Jul-26) REGULATORY
• Permissible Exposure Limits – OSHA Annotated Table Z-1 REGULATORY
• where to look CAMEO Chemicals, as recorded by PubChem (Experimental Properties, CID 444972; where-to-look, not a source of this value) DATABASE · 2026
• where to look Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases, as recorded by PubChem (Experimental Properties, CID 444972; where-to-look, not a source of this value) DATABASE · 2026
• where to look Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), as recorded by PubChem (Experimental Properties, CID 444972; where-to-look, not a source of this value) DATABASE · 2026
• EPA CompTox CTX API: predicted properties for DTXSID3021518 (Fumaric acid (E297)) REFERENCE
• ECHA Annex VI to CLP: the unofficial Excel table (up to and including the 23rd ATP) REGULATORY
• PubChem computed structure descriptors for CID 444972 (computed, not measured; as recorded by PubChem) DATABASE · 2026
• Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006: Annex VI, Part 3, Table 3.1 (Official Journal L 353, 31.12.2008) REGULATORY · 2008

Same data as the API response, which is open and needs no key. The full per-record source list is available to authenticated callers.